Studies referencing Hydrogen Safety & Hydrogen Biology

Hydrogen Safety

The referenced studies incorporated safety as a fundamental component of their study protocols. In this context, "safety" refers to the absence of adverse effects or events related to hydrogen treatment. While safety is often assumed in most hydrogen studies, these particular studies specifically measured and assessed safety outcomes.

● Ingested Hydrogen-Rich Fluid

• Rat: Healthy condition (916: Saitoh et al 2010).
• Mouse: Healthy condition (955: Jung et al 2008).
• Human: Healthy condition during exercise (866: Ostojic et al 2011; 474: Drid et al 2016; 526: Weidman et al 2016).
• Dog: Metabolic acidosis (929: Abol-Enein et al 2009).
• Human: Metabolic acidosis (658: Ostojic and Stojanovic 2014).
• Rat: Liver injury (1088: Li et al 2021).
• Human: Obesity (303: Korovljev et al 2018).
• Human: Parkinson’s Disease (31: Tong et al 2021; 748: Yoritaka et al 2013; 354: Yoritaka et al 2018; 529: Yoritaka et al 2016).
• Rat: Congenital obstructive nephropathy (1048: Mizutani et al 2021).
• Mouse: Atopic dermatitis (677: Yoon et al 2014).
• Mouse: Melamine toxicity (883: Yoon et al 2011).
• Human: Metabolic syndrome (908: Nakao et al 2010).
• Human: Muscular dystrophy (839: Ito et al 2011).
• Human: Sleep deprivation (150: Zanini et al 2020; 1101: Todorovic et al 2021).
• Human: Graft-vs-Host Disease (511: Qian et al 2015; 114: Qian et al 2020).
• Human: Diabetes (953: Gadek, Hamasaki, and Shirahata 2008; 1139: Ogawa et al 2021).

● Ingested Hydrogen-Producing Material

• Human: Concussion (198: Javorac, Stajer, and Ostojic 2019).

● Rinse/Immersion/Bath/Topical with Hydrogen-Rich Fluid

• Cell Culture: Healthy condition (916: Saitoh et al 2010).
• Cell Culture: Gamma irradiation (914: Qian et al 2010; 915: Qian et al 2010).
• Cell Culture: Heavy ion irradiation (745: Yang et al 2013).
• Human: Healthy condition during exercise (131: Todorovic et al 2020).
• Human: Allergic rhinitis (300: Jin et al 2018).
• Human: Dry eye (14: Kubota et al 2021).
• Pig: Kidney transplantation (206: Kobayashi and Sano 2019).
• Rat: Kidney transplantation (758: Abe et al 2012).
• Rat: Liver transplantation (339: Tamaki et al 2018).

● Topical Hydrogen-Rich Lotion

• Human: Acne (6: Chilicka, Rogowska, and Szygula 2021).
• Human: Pemphigus (248: Yang et al 2019).

● Intravenously Injected Hydrogen-Rich Fluid

• Human: Stroke (722: Nagatani et al 2013).
• Human: Erythematous skin disease (791: Ono et al 2012).
• Human: Rheumatoid arthritis (636: Ishibashi et al 2014).
• Pig: Liver transplantation (655: Matsuno et al 2014).
• Human: COVID-19 (58: Delgado-Enciso et al 2020).
• Human: Cerebral ischemia (865: Ono et al 2011).

● Intraperitoneally Injected Hydrogen-Rich Fluid

• Rat: Sepsis (Sada et al 2021).
• Mouse: Graft-vs-Host-Disease (610: Yuan et al 2015; 424: Qian et al 2017; 727: Qian et al 2013).
• Rat: Diabetic bone loss (387: Guo et al 2017).
• Mouse: Fatty liver disease (310: Li et al 2018).
• Rat: Myocardial ischemia (946: Sun et al 2009).
• Mouse: Gamma irradiation (915: Qian et al 2010).
• Rat: Cerebral ischemia (855: Liu et al 2011).
• Rat: Pulmonary ischema (799: Shi et al 2012).

● Hemodialysis with Hydrogen-Rich Fluid

• Dog: Metabolic acidosis (929: Abol-Enein et al 2009).
• Human: Inflammation (943: Nakayama et al 2009; 909: Nakayama et al 2010; 969: Huang et al 2006).

● Peritoneal Dialysis with Hydrogen-Rich Fluid

• Cell Culture: Fibrosis (103: Lu et al 2020).
• Human: Inflammation (321: Nakayama et al 2018).

● Implanted Hydrogen-Producing Material

• Cell Culture: Cancer (208: Kou et al 2019).
• Rabbit: Anastomosis (1097: Zan et al 2021).
• Rat: Stroke (1076: Wang et al 2021).
• Rat: Healthy condition (1062: Dargusch et al 2020).
• Mouse: Liver Cancer (33: Wu et al 2021).

● Inhaled Gas

• 1% H2
  • Mouse: Atherosclerosis (84: Kiyoi et al 2020).
  • Human: Angioplasty (396: Katsumata et al 2017).
• 2% H2
  • Human: Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome (PCAS) (520: Tamura et al 2016).
  • Human: Erythematous skin disease (791: Ono et al 2012).
  • Mouse: Healthy condition (176: Cole et al 2019).
  • Human: Healthy condition (1093: Cole et al 2021).
  • Pig: Asphyxia (509: Nemeth et al 2016).
  • Rat: Sepsis (74: Jesus et al 2020; 231: Saramago et al 2019).
  • Rat: Cerebral ischemia (838: Hugyecz et al 2011).
  • Pig: Cardiopulmonary bypass (175: Cole et al 2019).
  • Human: Cardiopulmonary bypass (1084: Danilova et al 2021).
• 3% H2
  • Human: Stroke (422: Ono et al 2017).
  • Human: Cerebral ischemia (790: Ono et al 2012).
  • Rat: Hypertension (286: Guan et al 2018).
• 4% H2
  • Human: Erythematous skin disease (791: Ono et al 2012).
  • Human: Cerebral ischemia (790: Ono et al 2012).
  • Mouse: Concussion (330: Satoh et al 2018).
• 6% H2
  • Human: Parkinson’s Disease (1049: Yoritaka et al 2021).
• 67% H2
  • Human: Gallbladder cancer (170: Chen et al 2019).
  • Human: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (41: Zheng et al 2021).
  • Human: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (1173: Kong et al 2022)
  • Rat: Endometriosis (484: He et al 2016).
  • Rat: Cerebral ischema (472: Cui et al 2016).
  • Human: Tracheal stenosis (364: Zhou et al 2018).
  • Mouse: Kidney stones (575: Peng et al 2015).

Hydrogen Biology

• Ingested Hydrogen-Rich Fluid
  • Hydrogen concentrations after ingestion of hydrogen-rich fluid have been determined to be highest in the spleen, small intestine, pancreas, liver, and kidneys (1064: Liu et al 2015).
  • Ingestion of hydrogen-rich fluid increases breath hydrogen to saturation within 10 minutes (1068: Shimouchi et al 2009) and decreases to baseline level within 60 minutes (1069: Shimouchi et al 2011; 1125: Ichihara et al 2021).
  • Approximately 59% of the ingested H2 is exhaled, ~1% is lost during handling, ~0.1% is released from the skin surface, and ~40% is absorbed by the body (1069: Shimouchi et al 2011; 1067: Shimouchi and Nose 2011; 1070: Shimouchi et al 2013).
  • It appears that the majority of hydrogen is either metabolized by the liver or exhaled from the lungs before reaching the carotid artery (1125: Ichihara et al 2021).
• Intraperitoneally Injected Hydrogen-Rich Fluid
  • Hydrogen concentrations after intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen-rich fluid have been determined to be highest in the spleen, small intestine, pancreas, liver, and kidneys (1064: Liu et al 2015).
• Inhaled Gas
  • Hydrogen concentrations after inhalation have been determined to be highest in the muscles, lungs, testis (1064: Liu et al 2015), brain (1124: Liu et al 2021), and liver (1071: Yamanoto et al 2019).
  • When applied through a mask at a concentration of 3-4% H2, blood concentration reaches total saturation within 20 minutes (790: Ono et al 2012).
  • When applied using a nasal canula at a concentration of 100% H2, blood concentration reaches total saturation within 10 minutes (1065: Sano et al 2020; 1066: Sano et al 2020).

Literature Cited (numbered as per database):

● (6) Chilicka, Karlona; Rogowska, Aleksandra M.; Szygula, Renata. Effects of Topical Hydrogen Purification on Skin Parameters and Acne Vulgaris in Adult Women. 2021. Healthcare. 10.3390/healthcare9020144

● (14) Kubota, Miyuki; Kawashima, Motoko; Inoue, Sachiko; Imada, Toshihiro; Nakamura, Shigeru; Kubota, Shunsuke; Watanabe, Mitsuhiro; Takemura, Ryo; Tsubota, Kazuo. Randomized, crossover clinical efficacy trial in humans and mice on tear secretion promotion and lacrimal gland protection by molecular hydrogen. 2021. Nature Scientific Reports. 10.1038/s41598-021-85895-y

● (26) Sada, Haruki; Egi, Hiroyuki; Ide, Kentaro; Sawada, Hiroyuki; Sumi, Yusuke; Hattori, Minoru; Sentani, Kazuhiro; Oue, Naohide; Yasui, Wataru; Ohdan, Hideki. Peritoneal lavage with hydrogen-rich saline can be an effective and practical procedure for acute peritonitis. 2021. Surgery Today. 10.1007/s00595-021-02271-z

● (31) Tong, Chien-Tai; Hu, Chaur-Jonh; Lin, Hung-Yu; Wu, Daen. Effects of concomitant use of hydrogen water and photobiomodulation on Parkinson disease: A pilot study. 2021. Medicine. 10.1097/MD.0000000000024191

● (33) Wu, Ying; Su, Lichao; Yuan, Meng; Chen, Tao; Ye, Jiamin; Jiang, Yifan; Song, Jibin; Yang, Huanghao. In vivo X-ray triggered catalysis of H2 generation for cancer synergistic gas-radiotherapy. 2021. Angewandte Chemie. 10.1002/anie.202100002

● (41) Zheng, Ze-Guang; Sun, Wu-Zhuang; Hu, Jie-Ying; Jie, Zhi-Jun; Xu, Jin-Fu; Cao, Jie; Song, Yuan-Lin; Wang, Chang-Hui; Wang, Jing; Zhao, Hui; Guo, Zhong-Liang; Zhong, Nan-Shan. Hydrogen/oxygen therapy for the treatment of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial. 2021. Respiratory Research. 10.1186/s12931-021-01740-w

● (58) Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Paz-Garzia, Juan; Barajas-Saucedo, Carlos E.; Mokay-Ramirez, Karen A.; Meza-Robles, Carmen; Lopez-Flores, Rodrigo; Delgado-Machuca, Marina; Murillo-Zamora, Efren; Toscano-Velazquez, Jose A.; Delgado-Enciso, Josuel; Melnikov, Valery; Walle-Guillen, Mireya; Galvan-Salazar, Hector R.; Dalgado-Enciso, Osiris G.; Cabrera-Licona, Ariana; Guzman-Esquivel, Jose; Montes-Galindo, Daniel A.; Hernandez-Rangel, Alejandra E.; Montes-Diaz, Patricia; Rodriguez-Sanchez, Iram P.; Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L.; Garza-Veloz, Idalia; Tiburcio-Jimenez, Daniel; Zaizar-Fregoso, Sergio A.; Ramirez-Flores, Mario; Gaytan-Sandoval, Gustavo; Martinez-Perez, Carlos R.; Espinoza-Gomez, Francisco; Rojas-Larios, Fabian; Hirsch-Meillon, Michael J.; Barrios-Navarro, Enrique; Oviedo-Rodriguez, Vladimir; Baltazar Rodriguez, Luz M.; Paz-Michel, Brenda A. Patient-Reported Health Outcomes After Treatment of COVID-19 with Nebulized and/or Intravenous Neutral Electrolyzed Saline Combined with Usual Medical Care Versus Usual Medical care alone: A Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled Trial. 2020. Research Square. 10.21203/rs.3.rs-68403/v1

● (74) Jesus, Aline A.; Passaglia, Patricia; Santos, Bruna M.; Rodrigues-Santos, Isabelle; Flores, Rafael A.; Batalhao, Marcelo E.; Stabile, Angelita M.; Carnio, Evelin C. Chronic molecular hydrogen inhalation mitigates short and long-term memory loss in polymicrobial sepsis. 2020. Brain Research. 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146857

● (84) Kiyoi, Takeshi; Liu, Shuang; Takemasa, Erika; Nakaoka, Hirotomo; Hato, Naohito; Mogi, Masaki. Constitutive hydrogen inhalation prevents vascular remodeling via reduction of oxidative stress. 2020. PLoS One. 10.1371/journal.pone.0227582

● (103) Lu, Hongtao; Chen, Wei; Liu, Wenrui; Si, Yachen; Zhao, Tingting; Lai, Xueli; Kang, Zhimin; Sun, Xuejun; Guo, Zhiyong. Molecular hydrogen regulates PTEN-AKT-mTOR signaling via ROS to alleviate peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis. 2020. FASEB Journal. 10.1096/fj.201901981R

● (114) Qian, Liren; Liu, Miao; Shen, Jianliang; Cen, Jian; Zhao, Defeng. Hydrogen in Patients With Corticosteroid-Refractory/Dependent Chronic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease: A Single-Arm, Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial. 2020. Frontiers in Immunology. 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598359

● (131) Todorovic, Nikola; Javorac, Dejan; Stajer, Valdemar; Ostojic, Sergej M. The Effects of Supersaturated Hydrogen-Rich Water Bathing on Biomarkers of Muscular Damage and Soreness Perception in Young Men Subjected to High-Intensity Eccentric Exercise. 2020. Journal of Sports Medicine. 10.1155/2020/8836070

● (150) Zanini, D.; Stajer, V.; Ostojic, Sergej M. Hydrogen vs. Caffeine for Improved Alertness in Sleep-Deprived Humans. 2020. Neurophysiology. 10.1007/s11062-020-09852-7

● (170) Chen, Ji-Bing; Pan, Zhong-Bao; Du, Duan-Ming; Qian, Wei; Ma, Yang-Yang; Mu, Feng; Xu, Ke-Cheng. Hydrogen gas therapy induced shrinkage of metastatic gallbladder cancer: A case report. 2019. World Journal of Clinical Cases. 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.2065

● (175) Cole, Alexis R.; Perry, Dorothy A.; Raza, Ali; Nedder, Arthur P.; Pollack, Elizabeth; Regan, William L.; van den Bosch, Sarah J.; Polizzotti, Brian D.; Yang, Edward; Davila, Daniel; Afacan, Onur; Warfield, Simon K.; Ou, Yangming; Sefton, Brenda; Everett, Allen D.; Neil, Jeffrey J.; Lidov, Hart G.W.; Mayer, John E.; Kheir, John N. Perioperatively Inhaled Hydrogen Gas Diminishes Neurologic Injury Following Experimental Circulatory Arrest in Swine. 2019. JACC Basic to Translational Research. 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.11.006

● (176) Cole, Alexis R.; Raza, Ali; Ahmed, Humera; Polizzotti, Brian D.; Padera, Robert F.; Andrews, Nick; Kheir, John N. Safety of inhaled hydrogen gas in healthy mice. 2019. Medical Gas Research. 10.4103/2045-9912.266988

● (198) Javorac, Dejan; Stajer, Valdemar; Ostojic, Sergej M. Case Report: Buccal administration of hydrogen-producing blend after a mild traumatic brain injury in a professional athlete. 2019. F1000 Research. 10.12688/f1000research.19739.1

● (206) Kobayashi, Eiji; Sano, Motoaki. Organ preservation solution containing dissolved hydrogen gas from a hydrogen-absorbing alloy canister improves function of transplanted ischemic kidneys in miniature pigs. 2019. PLoS One. 10.1371/journal.pone.0222863

● (208) Kou, Zhu; Zhao, Penghe; Wang, Zhihao; Jin, Zhaokui; Chen, Lihua; Su, Bao-Lian; He, Qianjun. Acid-responsive H2-releasing Fe nanoparticles for safe and effective cancer therapy. 2019. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 10.1039/C9TB00338J

● (231) Saramago, Eduardo A.; Borges, Gabriela S.; Singolani Jr., Carlitos G.; Nogueira, Jonatas E.; Soriano, Renato N.; Carnio, Evelin C.; Branco, Luiz G. S. Molecular hydrogen potentiates hypothermia and prevents hypotension and fever in LPS-induced systemic inflammation. 2019. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.02/

● (248) Yang, Fanping; Chen, Zihua; Chen, Sheng-An; Zhu, Qinyuan; Wang, Lanting; Zhang, Wenhong; Luo, Xiaoqun. Skin ulcers infected with conditional pathogenic strains treated with local hydrogen water packing in two pemphigus vulgaris patients: Case reports with follow-up for 2 months. 2019. Dermatologic Therapy. 10.1111/dth.13027

● (286) Guan, Peng; Lin, Xiao-Meng; Yang, Sheng-Chang; Guo, Ya-Jing; Li, Wen-Ya; Zhao, Ya-Shuo; Yu, Fu-Yang; Sun, Zhi-Min; An, Ji-Ren; Ji, En-Sheng. Hydrogen gas reduces chronic intermittent hypoxia‐induced hypertension by inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity and increasing vasodilator responses via the antioxidation. 2018. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 10.1002/jcb.27684

● (300) Jin, J.; Yu, S.Q.; Zhang, X.; Ge, Q.; Zhang, X.L.; Wang, Y.; Qin, M.L. Clinical study of hydrogen-rich saline in the treatment of moderate to severe allergic rhinitis. 2018. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery. 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.07.004

● (303) Korovljev, Darinka; Trivic, T.; Drid, P.; Ostojic, Sergej M. Molecular hydrogen affects body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial function in middle-aged overweight women. 2018. Irish Journal of Medical Science. 10.1007/s11845-017-1638-4

● (310) Li, Shaowei; Fujino, Masayuki; Ichimaru, Naotsugu; Kurakawa, Ryosuke; Hirano, Shinichi; Mou, Lisha; Takahara, Shiro; Takahara, Terumi; Li, Xiao-Kang. Molecular hydrogen protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse fatty liver model via regulating HO-1 and Sirt1 expression. 2018. Nature Scientific Reports. 10.1038/s41598-018-32411-4

● (321) Nakayama, Masaaki; Watanabe, Kimio; Hayashi, Yoshimitsu; Terawaki, Hiroyuki; Zhu, Wan-Jun; Kabayama, Shigeru; Ito, Sadayoshi. Translational Research of Peritoneal Dialysis Solution with Dissolved Molecular Hydrogen. 2018. Contributions to Nephrology. 10.1159/000485717

● (330) Satoh, Yasushi; Araki, Yoshiyuki; Kashitani, Masashi; Nishii, Kiyomasa, Kobayashi, Yasushi; Fujita, Masanori; Suzuki, Shinya; Morimoto, Yuji; Tokuno, Shinichi; Tsumatori, Gentaro; Yamamoto, Tetsuo; Saitoh, Daizoh; Ishizuka, Toshiaki. Molecular Hydrogen Prevents Social Deficits and Depression-Like Behaviors Induced by Low-Intensity Blast in Mice. 2018. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 10.1093/jnen/nly060

● (339) Tamaki, Ichiro; Hata, Koichiro; Okamura, Yusuke; Nigmet, Yermek; Hirao, Hirofumi; Kubota, Toyonari; Inamoto, Osamu; Kusakabe, Jiro; Goto, Toru; Tajima, Tetsuya; Yoshikawa, Junichi; Tanaka, Hirokazu; Tsuruyama, Tatsuaki; Tolba, Rene H.; Uemoto, Shinji. Hydrogen Flush After Cold Storage as a New End-Ischemic Ex Vivo Treatment for Liver Grafts Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. 2018. Liver Transplantation. 10.1002/lt.25326

● (354) Yoritaka, Asako; Ohtsuka, Chigumi; Maeda, Tetsuya; Hirayama, Masaaki; Abe, Takashi; Watanabe, Hirohisa; Saiki, Hidemoto; Oyama, Genko; Fukae, Jiro; Shimo, Yasushi; Hatano, Taku; Kawajiri, Sumihiro; Okuma, Yasuyuki; Machida, Yutaka; Miwa, Hideto; Suzuki, Chikako; Kazama, Asuka; Tomiyama, Masahiko; Kihara, Takeshi; Hirasawa, Motoyuki; Shumira, Hideki; Oda, Eisei; Ito, Mikako; Ohno, Kinji; Hattori, Nobutaka. Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of hydrogen water for Parkinson's disease: New Observations. 2018. Movement Disorders. 10.1002/mds.27472

● (364) Zhou, Zi-Qing; Zhong, Chang-Hao; Su, Zhu-Quan; Li, Ziao-Ying; Chen, Yu; Chen, Xiao-Bo; Tang, Chun-Li; Zhou, Lu-Qian; Li, Shi-Yue. Breathing Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixture Decreases Inspiratory Effort in Patients with Tracheal Stenosis. 2018. Respiration. 10.1159/000492031

● (387) Guo, Jialiang; Dong, Weichong; Jin, Lin; Wang, Pengcheng; Hou, Zhiyong; Zhang, Yingze. Hydrogen-rich saline prevents bone loss in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. 2017. International Orthopaedics. 10.1007/s00264-017-3581-4

● (396) Katsumata, Yoshinori; Sano, Fumiya; Abe, Takayuki; Tamura, Tomoyoshi; Fujisawa, Taishi; Shiraishi, Yasuyuki; Kohsaka, Shun; Ueda, Ikuko; Homma, Koichiro; Suzuki, Masaru; Okuda, Shigeo; Maekawa, Yuichiro; Kobayashi, Eiji; Hori, Shingo; Sasaki, Junichi; Fukuda, Keiichi; Sano, Motoaki. The Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction - First Pilot Study in Humans. 2017. Circulation Journal. 10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0105

● (422) Ono, Hirohisa; Nishijima, Yoji; Ohta, Shigeo; Sakamoto, Masaki; Kinone, Kazunori; Horikosi, Tohru; Tamaki, Mituyuki; Takeshita, Hirosi; Futatuki, Tomoko; Ohishi, Wataru; Ishiguro, Taichi; Okamoto, Saori; Ishii, Shou; Takanami, Hiroko. Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Treatment in Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study on Safety and Neuroprotection. 2017. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.06.012

● (424) Qian, Li-Ren; Liu, Xiaopeng; Shen, Jianliang; Zhao, Defeng; Yin, Wenjie. Therapeutic effects of hydrogen on chronic graft-versus-host disease. 2017. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 10.1111/jcmm.13155

● (472) Cui, Jin; Chen, Xiao; Zhai, Xiao; Shi, Dongchen; Zhang, Rongjia; Zhi, Xin; Li, Xiaoqun; Gu, Zhengrong; Cao, Liehu; Weng, Weizong; Zhang, Jun; Wang, Liping; Sun, Xuejun; Ji, Fang; Hou, Jiong; Su, Jiacan. Inhalation of water electrolysis-derived hydrogen ameliorates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats – A possible new hydrogen resource for clinical use. 2016. Neuroscience. 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.021

● (474) Drid, P.; Trivic, T.; Casals, C.; Trivic, S.; Stojanovic, M.; Ostojic, Sergej M. Is molecular hydrogen beneficial to enhance post-exercise recovery in female athletes? 2016. Science and Sports. 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.04.010

● (484) He, Y.; Shi, J.Z.; Zhang, R.J.; Zhai, D.X.; Zhang, D.; Yu, C.Q.; Liu, Y.H. Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Endometriosis in Rats. 2016. Reproductive Sciences. 10.1177/1933719116655622

● (509) Nemeth, Janos; Toth-Szuki, V.; Varga, V.; Kovacs, V.; Remzso, G.; Domoki, F. Molecular hydrogen affords neuroprotection in a translational piglet model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. 2016. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. https://doktori.bibl.u-szeged.hu/4072/1/Merged_repozit.pdf

● (511) Qian, Li-Ren; Shen, Jian-Liang. Successful treatment with hydrogen rich water in a case of chronic graft-versus-host-disease. 2016. Medical Gas Research. 10.4103/2045-9912.191366

● (520) Tamura, Tomoyoshi; Hayashida, Kei; Sano, Motoaki; Suzuki, Masaru; Shibusawa, Takayuki; Yoshizawa, Joe; Kobayashi, Yosuke; Suzuki, Takeshi; Ohta, Shigeo; Morisaki, Hiroshi; Fukuda, Keiichi; Hori, Shingo. Feasibility and Safety of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation for Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome – First-in-Human Pilot Study. 2016. Circulation Journal. 10.1253/circj.CJ-16-0127

● (526) Weidman, Joseph; Holsworth Jr., Ralph E.; Brossman, Bradley; Cho, Daniel J.; St. Cyr, John; Fridman, Gregory. Effect of electrolyzed high-pH alkaline water on blood viscosity in healthy adults. 2016. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 10.1186/s12970-016-0153-8

● (529) Yoritaka, Asako; Abe, Takashi; Ohtsuka, Chigumi; Maeda, Tetsuya; Hirayama, Masaaki; Watanabe, Hirohisa; Saiki, Hidemoto; Oyama, Genko; Fukae, Jiro; Shimo, Yasushi; Hatano, Taku; Kawajiri, Sumihiro; Okuma, Yasuyuki; Machida, Yutaka; Miwa, Hideto; Suziki, Chikako; Kazama, Asuka; Tomiyama, Masahiko; Kihara, Takeshi; Mirasawa, Motoyuki; Shimura, Hideki; Hattori, Nobutaka. A randomized double-blind multi-center trial of hydrogen water for Parkinson's disease: protocol and baseline characteristics. 2016. BMC Neuroscience. 10.1186/s12883-016-0589-0

● (575) Peng, Zhongjiang; Chen, Wei; Wang, Li; Ye, Zhouheng; Gao, Songyan; Sun, Xuejun; Guo, Zhiyong. Inhalation of hydrogen gas ameliorates glyoxylate-induced calcium oxalate deposition and renal oxidative stress in mice. 2015. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology. 26045773

● (610) Yuan, Lijuan; Chen, Xiaoping; Qian, Liren; Shen, Jianliang; Cai, Jianming. Administration of Hydrogen-Rich Saline in Mice with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation. 2015. Medical Science Monitor. 10.12659/MSM.891338

● (636) Ishibashi, Toru; Sato, Bunpei; Shibata, Shinji; Sakai, Takaaki; Hara, Yuichi; Naritomi, Yuji; Koyanagi, Samon; Hara, Hiroshi; Nagao, Tetsuhiko. Therapeutic efficacy of infused molecular hydrogen in saline on rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. 2014. International Immunopharmacology. 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.001

● (655) Matsuno, N.; Watanabe, R.; Kimura, M.; Iwata, S.; Fujiyama, M.; Kono, S.; Shigeta, T.; Enosawa, S. Beneficial Effects of Hydrogen Gas on Porcine Liver Reperfusion Injury With Use of Total Vascular Exclusion and Active Venous Bypass. 2014. Transplantation Proceedings. 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.134

● (658) Ostojic, Sergej M.; Stojanovic, Marko D. Hydrogen-rich water affected blood alkalinity in physically active men. 2014. Research in Sports Medicine. 10.1080/15438627.2013.852092

● (677) Yoon, Yang-Suk; Sajo, Ma Easter Joy Villarosa; Ignacio, Rosa Mistica Coles; Kim, Soo-Ki; Kim, Ceol-Su; Lee, Kyu-Jae. Positive Effects of hydrogen water on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. 2014. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 10.1248/bpb.b14-00220

● (722) Nagatani, Kimihiro; Nawashito, Hiroshi; Takeuchi, Satoru; Tomura, Satoshi; Otani, Naoki; Osada, Hideo; Wada, Kojiro; Kaoth, Hiroshi; Tzuzuki, Nobosuke; Mori, Kentaro. Safety of intravenous administration of hydrogen-enriched fluid in patients with acute cerebral ischemia: Initial clinical studies. 2013. Medical Gas Research. 10.1186/2045-9912-3-13

● (727) Qian, Li-Ren; Mei, Ke; Shen, Jianliang; Cai, Jianming. Administration of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Protects Mice From Lethal Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (aGVHD). 2013. Transplantation. 10.1097/TP.0b013e31827e6b23

● (745) Yang, Yanyong; Gao, Fu; Zhang, Hong; Hunag, Yijuan; Zhang, Pei; Liu, Cong; Li, Bailong; Cai, Jianming. Molecular hydrogen protects human lymphocyte AHH-1 cells against 12C6+ heavy ion radiation. 2013. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 10.3109/09553002.2013.817704

● (748) Yoritaka, Asako; Takanashi, Masashi; Hirayama, Masaaki; Nakahara, Toshiki; Ohta, Shigeo; Hattori, Nobutaka. Pilot study of H-2 therapy in Parkinson's disease: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. 2013. Movement Disorders. 10.1002/mds.25375

● (758) Abe, Toyofumi; Li, Xiao-Kang; Yazawa, Koji; Hatayama, Naoyuki; Xie, Lin; Sato, Bunpei; Kakuta, Yoichi; Tsutahara, Koichi; Okumi, Masayoshi; Tsuda, Hidetoshi; Kaimori, Jun-ya; Isaka, Yoshitaka; Natori, Michiya; Takahara, Shiro; Nonomura, Norio. Hydrogen-rich University of Wisconsin solution attenuates renal cold ischemia-reperfusion injury. 2012. Transplantation. 10.1097/TP.0b013e318255f8be

● (790) Ono, Hirohisa; Nishijima, Yoji; Adachi, Naoto; Sakamoto, Masaki; Kudo, Yohei; Kaneko, Kumi; Nakao, Atsunori; Imaoka, Takashi. A basic study on molecular hydrogen (H2) inhalation in acute cerebral ischemia patients for safety check with physiological parameters and measurement of blood H2 level. 2012. Medical Gas Research. 10.1186/2045-9912-2-21

● (791) Ono, Hirohisa; Nishijima, Yoji; Adachi, Naoto; Sakamoto, Masaki; Kudo, Yohei; Nakazawa, Jun; Kaneko; Kumi; Nakao, Atsunori. Hydrogen (H2) treatment for acute erythymatous skin disease. A report of 4 patients with safety data and a non-controlled feasibility study with H2 concentration measurement on two volunteers. 2012. Medical Gas Research. 10.1186/2045-9912-2-14

● (799) Shi, Jianxin; Yao, Feng; Zhong, Chenxi; Pan, Xufeng; Yang, Yu; Lin, Qiang. Hydrogen saline is protective for acute lung ischaemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. 2012. Heart, Lung, and Circulation. 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.782

● (838) Hugyecz, Marietta; Mracsko, Eva; Hertelendy, Peter; Farkas, Eszter; Domoki, Ferenc; Bari, Ferenc. Hydrogen supplemented air inhalation reduces changes of prooxidant enzyme and gap junction protein levels after transient global cerebral ischemia in the rat hippocampus. 2011. Brain Research. 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.068

● (839) Ito, Mikako; Ibi, Tohru; Sahashi, Ko; Ichihara, Masashi; Ito, Masafumi; Ohno, Kinji. Open-label trial and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of hydrogen-enriched water for mitochondrial and inflammatory myopathies. 2011. Medical Gas Research. 10.1186/2045-9912-1-24

● (855) Liu, Ying; Liu, Wenwu; Sun, Xuejun; Li, Runping; Sun, Qiang; Cai, Jianmei; Kang, Zhimin; Lv, Shijun; Zhang, John H.; Zhang, Wei. Hydrogen saline offers neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress in a focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model. 2011. Medical Gas Research. 10.1186/2045-9912-1-15

● (865) Ono, Hirohisa; Nishijima, Yoji; Adachi, Naoto; Tachibana, Shigekuni; Chitoku, Shiroh; Mukaihara, Shigeo; Sakamoto, Masaki; Kudo, Yohei; Nakazawa, Jun; Kaneko, Kumi; Nawashiro, Hiroshi. Improved brain MRI indices in the acute brain stem infarct sites treated with hydroxyl radical scavengers, Edaravone and hydrogen, as compared to Edaravone alone. A non-controlled study. 2011. Medical Gas Research. 10.1186/2045-9912-1-12

● (866) Ostojic, Sergej M.; Stojanovic, Marko D.; Calleja-Gonzalez, Julio; Obrenovic, Milos D.; Veljovic, Dragoljub; Medjedovic, Bojan; Kanostrevac, Kristina; Stojanovic, Mirjana; Vukomanovic, Boris. DRINKS WITH ALKALINE NEGATIVE OXIDATIVE REDUCTION POTENTIAL IMPROVE EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE MEN AND WOMEN: DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED,PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, CROSS-OVER TRIAL OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY. 2011. Serbian Journal of Sports Sciences. https://www.sjss.sportsacademy.edu.rs/archive/details/drinks-with-alkaline-negative-oxidative-reduction-potential-improve-exercise-performance-in-physically-active-men-and-women-double-blind-randomized-placebo-controlled-cross-over-trial-of-efficacy-and-safety-223.html

● (883) Yoon, Yang-Suk; Kim, Dong-Heui; Kim, Soo-Ki; Song, Soon-Bong; Uh, Young; Jin, Dan; Qi, Xu-Feng; Teng, Yung-Chien; Lee, Kyu-Jae. The melamine excretion effect of the electrolyzed reduced water in melamine-fed mice. 2011. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.033

● (908) Nakao, Atsunori; Toyoda, Yoshiya; Sharma, Prachi; Evans, Malkanthi; Guthrie, Najla. Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome-an open label pilot study. 2010. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. 10.3164/jcbn.09-100

● (909) Nakayama, Masaaki; Nakano, Hirofumi; Hamada, Hiromi; Itami, Noritomo; Nakazawa, Ryoichi; Ito, Sadayoshi. A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H2) produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial. 2010. Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation. 10.1093/ndt/gfq196

● (914) Qian, Li-Ren; Li, Bailong; Cao, Fei; Huang, Yuecheng; Liu, Shulin; Cai, Jianming; Gao, Fu. Hydrogen-rich PBS protects cultured human cells from ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage. 2010. Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection. 10.2298/NTRP1001023Q

● (915) Qian, Li-Ren; Cao, Fei; Cui, Jianguo; Huang, Yuecheng; Zhou, Xiaojian; Liu, Shulin; Cai, Jianming. Radioprotective effect of hydrogen in cultured cells and mice. 2010. Free Radical Research. 10.3109/10715760903468758

● (916) Saitoh, Yasukazu; Harata, Yoshikazu; Mizuhashi, Fukutaro; Makajima, Madoka; Miwa, Nobuhiko. Biological safety of neutral-pH hydrogen-enriched electrolyzed water upon mutagenicity, genotoxicity and subchronic oral toxicity. 2010. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 10.1177/0748233710362989

● (929) Abol-Enein, Hassan; Gheith, Osama A.; Barakat, Nashwa; Nour, Eman; Sharaf, Abd-Alhameed. Ionized Alkaline Water: New Strategy for Management of Metabolic Acidosis in Experimental Animals. 2009. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis. 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2009.00659.x

● (943) Nakayama, Masaaki; Kabayama, S.; Nakano, H.; Zhu, W.J.; Terawaki, H.; Nakayama, K.; Katoh, K.; Satoh, T.; Ito, Sadayoshi. Biological Effects of Electrolyzed Water in Hemodialysis. 2009. Nephron Clinical Practice. 10.1159/000210569

● (946) Sun, Qiang; Kang, Zhimin; Cai, Jianmei; Liu, Wenwu; Liu, Yun; Zhang, John H.; Denoble, Petar J.; Tao, Hengyi; Sun, Xue-Jun. Hydrogen-rich saline protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. 2009. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 10.3181/0812-RM-349

● (953) Gadek, Zbigniew; Hamasaki, Takeki; Shirahata, Sanetaka. “Nordenau Phenomenon” – Application of Natural Reduced Water to Therapy. 2008. Animal Cell Technology: Basic and Applied Aspects. 10.1007/978-1-4020-9646-4_41

● (955) Jung, Han-Suk; Kim, Dong-Heui; Yoon, Yang-Suk; Teng, Yung-Chien; Chang, Byung-Soo; Lee, Kyu-Jae. The Effects of Electrolyzed Reduced Water on Blood and Organ Tissues of Mice. 2008. Korean Journal of Microscopy. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264022256_The_Effects_of_Electrolyzed_Reduced_Water_on_Blood_and_Organ_Tissues_of_Mice

● (969) Huang, Kuo-Chin; Yang, C.-C.; Hsu, S.-P.; Lee, K.-T.; Liu, H.-W.; Morisawa, S.; Otsubo, K.; Chien, Chiang-Ting. Electrolyzed-reduced water reduced hemodialysis-induced erythrocyte impairment in end-stage renal disease patients. 2006. Kidney International. 10.1038/sj.ki.5001576

● (1048) Mizutani, Akira; Endo, Amane; Saito, Masahito; Hara, Taichi; Nakagawa, Mayu; Sakuraya, Koji; Murano, Yayoi; Nishizaki, Naoto; Hirano, Daishi; Fujinaga, Shuichiro; Ohtomo, Yoshiyuki; Shimizu, Toshiaki. Hydrogen-rich water reduced oxidative stress and renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. 2021. Pediatric Research. 10.1038/s41390-021-01648-7

● (1049) Yoritaka, Asako; Kobayashi, Yasuko; Hayashi, Tetsuo; Saiki, Shinji; Hattori, Nobutaka. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of hydrogen inhalation for Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. 2021. Neurological Sciences. 10.1007/s10072-021-05489-4

● (1062) Dargusch, Matthew Simon; Venezuela, Jeffrey; Dehghan-Manshadi, Ali; Johnston, Sean; Yang, Nan; Mardon, Karine; Lau, Cora; Allavena, Rachel. In Vivo Evaluation of Bioabsorbable Fe-35Mn-1Ag: First Reports on In Vivo Hydrogen Gas Evolution in Fe-Based Implants. 2020. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 10.1002/adhm.202000667

● (1064) Liu, Chi; Kurokawa, Ryosuke; Fujino, Masayuki; Hirano, Shinichi; Sato, Bunpei; Li, Xiao-Kang. Estimation of the hydrogen concentration in rat tissue using an airtight tube following the administration of hydrogen via various routes. 2015. Scientific Reports. 10.1038/srep05485

● (1065) Sano, Motoaki; Shirakawa, Kohsuke; Katsumata, Yoshinori; Ichihara, Genki; Kobayashi, Eiji. Low-Flow Nasal Cannula Hydrogen Therapy. 2020. Journal of Clinical Medical Research. 10.14740/jocmr4323

● (1066) Sano, Motoaki; Ichihara, Genki; Katsumata, Yoshinori; Hiraide, Takahiro; Hirai, Akeo; Momoi, Mizuki; Tamura, Tomoyoshi; Ohata, Shigeo; Kobayashi, Eiji. Pharmacokinetics of a single inhalation of hydrogen gas in pigs. 2020. PLoS One. 10.1371/journal.pone.0234626

● (1067) Shimouchi, Akito; Nose, Kazutoshi. Abstract A48: Changes In Hydrogen Gas Release From The Skin During Inhalation Of Hydrogen-Rich Air. 2011. American Thoracic Society International Conference. 10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_MeetingAbstracts.A1682

● (1068) Shimouchi, Akito; Nose, Kazutoshi; Yamaguchi, Makoto; Ishiguro, Hiroshi; Kondo, Takahara. Breath hydrogen produced by ingestion of commercial hydrogen water and milk. 2009. Biomarker Insights. 10.4137/bmi.s2209

● (1069) Shimouchi, Akito; Nose, Kazutoshi; Shirai, Mikiyasu; Kondo, Takahara. Estimation of molecular hydrogen consumption in the human whole body after the ingestion of hydrogen-rich water. 2011. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 10.1007/978-1-4614-1566-4_36

● (1070) Shimouchi, Akito; Nose, Kazutoshi; Mizukami, Tomoe; Che, Dock-Chil; Shirai, Mikiyasu. Molecular hydrogen consumption in the human body during the inhalation of hydrogen gas. 2013. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 10.1007/978-1-4614-7411-1_42

● (1071) Yamanoto, Ryo; Homma, Koichiro; Suzuki, Sayuri; Sano, Motoaki; Sasaki, Junichi. Hydrogen gas distribution in organs after inhalation: Real-time monitoring of tissue hydrogen concentration in rat. 2019. Nature Scientific Reports. 10.1038/s41598-018-38180-4

● (1076) Wang, Shuanghu; Liu, Kun; Zhou, Quan; Xu, Cong; Gao, Junbin; Wang, Zhen; Wang, Fei; Chen, Bin; Ye, Yicheng; Ou, Juanfeng; Jiang, Jiamiao; Wilson, Daniela A.; Liu, Shuwen; Peng, Fei; Tu, Yingfeng. Hydrogen‐Powered Microswimmers for Precise and Active Hydrogen Therapy Towards Acute Ischemic Stroke. 2021. Advanced Functional Materials. 10.1002/adfm.202009475

● (1084) Danilova, D.A.; Brichkin, Yu.D.; Medvedev, A.P.; Pichugin, V.V.; Fedorov, S.A.; Taranov, E.V.; Nazarov, E.I.; Ryazanov, M.V.; Bolshukhin, G.V.; Deryugina, A.V. Application of Molecular Hydrogen in Heart Surgery under Cardiopulmonary Bypass. 2021. Sovremennye Teknologii v Meditsine. 10.17691/stm2021.13.1.09

● (1088) Li, Chaofu; Zhao, Xing; Gu, Xiaoqiang; Chen, Ying; Yu, Guanzhen. The Preventive Role of Hydrogen-Rich Water in Thioacetamide-Induced Cholangiofibrosis in Rat Assessed by Automated Histological Classification. 2021. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 10.3389/fphar.2021.632045

● (1093) Cole, Alexis R.; Sperotto, Francesca; DiNardo, James A.; Carlisle, Stephanie; Rivkin, Michael J.; Sleeper, Lynn A.; Kheir, John N. Safety of Prolonged Inhalation of Hydrogen Gas in Air in Healthy Adults. 2021. Critical Care Explorations. 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000543

● (1097) Zan, Rui; Wang, Hao; Ni, Jiahua; Wang, Wenhui; Peng, Hongzhou; Sun, Yu; Yang, Shi; Lou, Jie; Kang, Xinbao; Zhou, Yongping; Chen, Yigang; Yan, Jun; Zhang, Xiaonong. Multifunctional Magnesium Anastomosis Staples for Wound Closure and Inhibition of Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis. 2021. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering. 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00683

● (1101) Todorovic, Nikola; Zanini, Dragana; Stajer, Valdemar; Korovljev, Darinka; Ostojic, Jelena; Ostojic, Sergej M. Hydrogen-rich water and caffeine for alertness and brain metabolism in sleep-deprived habitual coffee drinkers. 2021. Food Science & Nutrition. 10.1002/fsn3.2480

● (1124) Liu, Bo-Yan; Xue, Jun-Li; Gu, Qian-Qian; Zhao, Min; Zhang, Meng-Yu; Wang, Ming-Yue; Wang, Yun; Qin, Shu-Cun. In vivo microelectrode monitoring of real-time hydrogen concentration in different tissues of rats after inhaling hydrogen gas. 2021. Medical Gas Research. 10.4103/2045-9912.330694

● (1125) Ichihara, Genki; Katsumata, Yoshinori; Moriyama, Hidenori; Kitakata, Hiroki; Hirai, Akeo; Momoi, Mizuki; Ko, Seien; Shinya, Yoshiki; Kinouchi, Kenichiro; Kobayashi, Eiji; Sano, Motoaki. Pharmacokinetics of hydrogen after ingesting a hydrogen-rich solution: A study in pigs. 2021. Heliyon. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08359

● (1139) Ogawa, Susumu; Ohsaki, Yusuke; Shimizu, Manami; Nako, Kazuhiro; Okamura, Masashi; Kabayama, Shigeru; Tabata, Kiyoshi; Tanaka, Yasuhisa; Ito, Sadoyoshi. Electrolyzed hydrogen-rich water for oxidative stress suppression and improvement of insulin resistance: a multicenter prospective double-blind randomized control trial. 2021. Diabetology International. 10.1007/s13340-021-00524-3

● (1173) Kong, Xiaofeng; Lu, Tianyu; Lu, You-Yong; Yin, Zhinan; Xu, Kecheng. Effect of Hydrogen Inhalation Therapy on Hearing Loss of Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma After Radiotherapy. 2022. Frontiers in Medicine. 10.3389/fmed.2022.828370